Push Pull Legs Routine: The 6-Day and 3-Day Versions, Without a Barbell

Push pull legs has a reputation problem. It's the split people graduate to when they want to feel serious, and it's the split that quietly falls apart in week three when a Thursday disappears and the whole rotation slides.

The layout itself is excellent. What gets people is running the six-day version on a four-day life, then blaming themselves when the results don't show up. That isn't a discipline failure. It's a container that was never sized for the week you actually have.

So this guide covers what push pull legs is good at, who it genuinely fits, three complete templates you can run at home, a four-week start for beginners, and the one arrangement of it that the research quietly rates worst.

What Push Pull Legs Actually Means

The split sorts exercises by the job the muscles do rather than by where they sit on your body. There are three session types, one for each job.

• Push. Everything where the weight moves away from you: chest press, incline press, overhead press, lateral raises, triceps extensions, push-ups, dips.
• Pull. Everything where the weight moves toward you: rows, chin-ups, inverted rows, rear delt raises, curls, face pulls.
• Legs. Everything below the hips plus direct trunk work: goblet squats, Romanian deadlifts, split squats, glute bridges, calf raises, planks.

The elegance is that pushing muscles recover while you pull, and both recover while you train legs. You never ask the same tissue to work hard two days running, which is what lets the split stack six sessions into a week without the sessions colliding.

The cost is fragility. On a workout split this narrow, one missed pull day leaves your entire back with nothing that week. Full body training absorbs a missed day; push pull legs does not.

Who a Push Pull Legs Routine Suits

It fits you if you've been training consistently for a year or more, you can reliably hit five or six sessions, your weekly set target has climbed past roughly 15 sets per muscle, and you'd rather do six short sessions than four long ones. It also fits people who genuinely enjoy training and want to be in the gym or the garage most days.

It's the wrong pick if you're training three or four days a week, you're new to lifting, or your schedule shifts week to week. At three days you'd be giving every muscle one weekly exposure, which is the arrangement with the weakest evidence behind it. At four days an upper lower split delivers the same coverage more reliably. If you're new and set on this split anyway, the four-week beginner ramp further down eases you in.

The Frequency Evidence Behind the Six-Day Week

The case for running the cycle twice rests on a small, stable body of work, and it's worth knowing what it does and doesn't say.

Schoenfeld, Ogborn and Krieger (2016), in Sports Medicine, pooled 10 studies comparing training a muscle once a week against twice or more, and recommended at least two weekly sessions per muscle group. That recommendation held. The explanation people attached to it did not: three years later Schoenfeld, Grgic and Krieger (2019) restricted the analysis to 25 volume-equated studies and found no significant hypertrophy difference between low and high frequencies. Most of the earlier advantage came from higher-frequency groups doing more total sets.

The most direct test of a once-a-week split is Zaroni and colleagues (2019), in the Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research. Eighteen resistance-trained men ran either a split training each muscle group once a week or a whole-body routine training each muscle five days a week, with weekly volume equated, for eight weeks. Strength gains were similar. Muscle thickness of the forearm flexors and the vastus lateralis increased significantly more in the high-frequency group. That is the single most relevant finding on this page, because a three-day push pull legs routine is a once-a-week split.

At the other extreme, more is not better either. Saric and colleagues (2019) put 27 trained men through six weeks of either three or six weekly sessions with volume held equal and found similar strength and hypertrophy outcomes. And Pelland and colleagues (2026), in Sports Medicine, modelled 67 studies and 2,058 participants: weekly volume raised size and strength with near-certainty, while frequency was compatible with negligible effects for hypertrophy and a small, flattening benefit for strength. Grgic and colleagues (2018) found the same small strength edge across 22 studies.

Put it together and the six-day version earns its place for one reason: it's a comfortable container for a lot of weekly sets. Schoenfeld, Ogborn and Krieger (2017) found a graded dose-response between weekly set count and growth, and the 2026 ACSM position stand puts the practical floor at 10 hard sets per muscle per week. Fitting 18 to 22 sets for chest into two short push days is far easier than fitting it into one long upper day. Our training frequency research page covers where these meta-analyses disagree.

The 6-Day Push Pull Legs Routine

Six sessions, one rest day, dumbbells and bodyweight throughout. A doorway pull-up bar helps a lot on pull days but isn't required. The A and B versions of each day aren't different workouts so much as different emphases, which keeps the same muscles working twice a week without asking the same joints to repeat an identical session 72 hours later.

Three sets per exercise unless noted. Rest 2 to 3 minutes after the first two movements of each day, 60 to 90 seconds after the rest.

Run it Monday through Saturday with Sunday off, or push, pull, legs, rest, push, pull, legs on a rolling eight-day cycle if your week doesn't line up with the calendar. Weekly totals land around 16 to 20 hard sets for the main pushing and pulling muscles and 14 to 18 for the legs, which sits in the upper half of the productive range.

The 5-Day Push Pull Legs Routine: Push, Pull, Legs, Upper, Lower

A 5-day push pull legs routine works best as push, pull, legs, upper, lower, a hybrid often shortened to PPLUL that trains every muscle twice in five sessions and keeps two fixed rest days. The other option is running the three days on a rolling cycle, which gives each muscle about 1.7 sessions a week and starts every week on a different day. PPLUL gets you a full two and stays on the same calendar.

Run Push A, Pull A and Legs A from the six-day template on the first three days. The upper and lower days below then deliver the second exposure, with fewer exercises per muscle because each one covers more ground.

A common layout is push Monday, pull Tuesday, legs Wednesday, rest Thursday, upper Friday, lower Saturday and rest Sunday. Weekly totals land between about 10 and 18 hard sets for the main muscles, a little under the six-day version and above the 10-set floor. If your week reliably holds five sessions, this is the version to run.

The 3-Day Push Pull Legs Routine, and Its One Real Weakness

Three days is the version most people search for, so it deserves straight talk before the template.

A three-day push pull legs routine gives every muscle exactly one training exposure per week. That's the arrangement Zaroni and colleagues tested against a high-frequency routine with weekly volume matched, and the higher-frequency group gained more muscle thickness. It's also the arrangement the 2016 frequency meta-analysis was written to argue against. None of that makes three-day push pull legs useless. It makes it the second-best use of three days.

Run it anyway if you specifically want longer, more focused sessions and you're happy trading a little growth rate for that. Here's the version that minimises the damage: each day gets more sets than its six-day counterpart, and each day borrows one movement from the adjacent pattern so nothing sits completely untouched.

Each session runs 60 to 70 minutes, which is the trade you're making. If that sounds worse than three 45-minute sessions that hit everything, it probably is for you, and our full body workout routine guide has three complete three-day templates at the same equipment tiers.

Push Pull Legs Workout Schedule: Where the Rest Days Go

A push pull legs workout schedule needs one rest day a week at six sessions, two at five and four at three, and the best place for a rest day is straight after legs. Leg day is the longest and most tiring session, while push and pull days are built to recover from each other, so they can sit back to back.

On the rolling version, each week picks up where the last one stopped, so week two opens with Legs B on Monday. The six-day week needs only one rest day because each muscle still gets about 72 hours between sessions: Push A on Monday and Push B on Thursday have two days of other muscles in between.

At four days a week, push pull legs becomes a rolling cycle that reaches each muscle about 1.3 times a week, so a 4-day workout split built on upper and lower days covers more. A walk or easy mobility work on rest days is fine, and our guide to how many rest days a week you need covers recovery in detail.

Push Pull Legs Routine for Beginners: The First 4 Weeks

A push pull legs routine for beginners should open with three sessions a week of four exercises and two sets each, then build to five or six full sessions by week 4. The ramp matters because a new lifter's first month is about learning the movements and getting through the soreness, not about piling up sets.

Most new lifters do better on full body training, but if you want this layout anyway, this is the way in.

Use the easier option wherever the templates offer one: band-assisted chin-ups or bent-knee inverted rows instead of full chin-ups, a split squat with the back foot on the floor instead of the rear-foot-elevated version, and incline push-ups against a bench instead of floor push-ups. Pick dumbbells you could lift about 15 times on the first set, and keep them for the first two weeks.

Don't read much into the mirror during this stretch. Damas and colleagues (2016) scanned the thighs of 10 untrained men through 10 weeks of training. Thigh muscle area was up about 2.7 percent at week three, but that early gain came with signs of swelling from muscle damage, so it wasn't purely new muscle. By week ten the increase was about 10.4 percent, and the swelling signal was gone once the authors accounted for the bigger muscle.

The low set counts in weeks 1 and 2 still produce progress. Across 28 studies and 747 adults, Lopez and colleagues (2021) found that untrained participants showed larger muscle gains than people with training experience. From week five, the progression and deload rules below take over.

How to Pick Exercises for Each Day

Every day follows the same shape: two heavy compound movements, two moderate movements, two or three isolation movements. Fill the slots in that order and the session builds itself.

• Push days. One horizontal press and one vertical press as the anchors. Then a second press at a different angle, then side delts and triceps. Incline and flat are different enough to both earn a slot; flat and floor press are not.
• Pull days. One vertical pull and one horizontal pull as the anchors. Then a second row variation, then rear delts and biceps. Rear delt work is the most commonly skipped thing on this page and the most commonly needed.
• Leg days. One squat pattern and one hinge pattern as the anchors. Then a single-leg movement, then calves and trunk. Single-leg work is how home leg days stay hard once your dumbbells max out.
• Balance the ratio. Count your weekly pressing sets and your weekly pulling sets. If pressing is more than about 20 percent ahead, add a row, not a stretch.

Sets, Reps, Rest and Progression

The short answer: 3 or 4 sets per exercise, 6 to 10 reps on the first two movements of each day and 10 to 20 on the rest, at least 10 hard sets per muscle each week, and 2 to 3 minutes of rest after the heavy sets. The evidence behind each number follows.

The numbers in the templates only mean something if the effort behind them is real. Refalo and colleagues (2023), in Sports Medicine, found hypertrophy improved as sets were taken closer to failure, with the benefit flattening once you're within a few reps of it. Aim for one to three reps in reserve on working sets and save true failure for the last set of an isolation movement.

Rep ranges are more flexible than most templates suggest. The Lopez analysis from the beginner section found similar muscle growth from light loads (more than 15 reps), moderate loads (9 to 15) and heavy loads (8 or fewer), as long as sets went to failure. Strength gains favoured the moderate and heavy loads. That's why each day opens with 6 to 10 rep work and saves the 12 to 20 rep sets for isolation movements.

Rest periods matter more than most people expect. Schoenfeld, Pope and colleagues (2016) had 21 trained men rest either 1 or 3 minutes between sets for 8 weeks, with everything else held equal. The 3-minute group gained more squat and bench press strength and more front-thigh muscle thickness. That's why the templates call for 2 to 3 minutes after the first two movements of each day, while 60 to 90 seconds is fine for the isolation work that follows.

Progressive overload on a six-day schedule has one extra wrinkle: you have twice as many sessions to track, so the bookkeeping has to be simple.

• Add reps first. Climb from the bottom to the top of the prescribed range on every set, then add load next session and drop back down.
• Add load in the smallest increment you own. Two or five pounds is a big relative jump on a lateral raise.
• Add sets last, and only to the stalling lift. Not to the whole day.
• Deload every fifth or sixth week. On a six-day schedule this matters more than it does anywhere else. Cut sets roughly in half for a week and keep the loads. The easiest way to schedule it is to run four days that week instead of six.
• Write it down. Six sessions a week is 36 exercises. Nobody remembers that.

If you'd rather not run the bookkeeping yourself, our personalized training program page covers how FitCraft's multi-week programs get built around your goals, your schedule and your current fitness level.

Push Pull Legs vs Upper Lower vs Full Body

Three sensible structures, three different weeks, and the choice is almost entirely a calendar question.

The honest ranking for most people is full body at two or three days, an upper lower split at three or four, and push pull legs at five or six. Pick by calendar, not by which one sounds most advanced. Our comparison of full body vs split workout programming works through the choice day count by day count.

Common Push Pull Legs Mistakes

• Running a six-day plan on a four-day life. The most expensive mistake here by a distance. Four days of a six-day rotation means most muscles get one exposure and the cycle drifts out of sync with your week. Pick the layout your calendar supports and add volume inside it.
• Making Push B a copy of Push A. If both days lead with a flat press, you've got a six-day schedule with four-day variety and twice the elbow mileage. Anchor one day horizontally and the other vertically.
• Pressing more than you pull. Push days are more fun and pressing loads more easily, so the ratio drifts. Count the sets. If pressing leads pulling by more than 20 percent over a week, add a row.
• Skipping leg day. It's the longest, hardest session and the easiest to move to tomorrow. Move it twice and the routine has quietly become push pull.
• Never deloading. Six sessions a week accumulates fatigue faster than three, and the schedule offers no natural gap. Put a light week in the calendar before you need it.
• Chasing frequency instead of sets. The research is clear that weekly volume drives growth and frequency mostly helps you deliver it. If you're at six days and 8 sets per muscle, more days isn't the fix.

The Bottom Line

A push pull legs routine is the best container anyone has built for a lot of weekly sets. Run twice through a week it gives every muscle two exposures in sessions that stay under an hour, and it lets pushing recover while you pull. Run once through a week it becomes a once-a-week split, which is the layout the frequency evidence rates lowest.

So the decision is simple and it isn't about how serious you are. If you can genuinely train five or six days, this is an excellent plan and you should run it. If you can train three or four, run something that reaches every muscle more than once, and spend the attention you saved on load, effort and showing up.